I was asked recently in an email, what the conversion factor for kWh to CO2 was for India.
We publish and use the UK factor here https://www.rensmart.com/Calculators/KWH-to-CO2 but I'd never really thought about how that value is calculated.
You cannot just take the generation capacity of each energy source and its CO2 per kWh to calculate this value as each energy source may not be used for generation all of the time. This is obvious with solar, that only generates in sunlight, but is also the case for other generation sources that may only be used when the countries grid demand requires it. You therefore need to calculate this factor based on recorded previous use, preferably the previous year.
To perform my calculations, I used the data give on this page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India in the table Yearly gross electricity generation by source (GWh) taking the data for the year 2021-2022 and combined it with the carbon emissions for each generation source from here https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/post/postpn268.pdf
By combining the data from these sources I generated a spread sheet https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HvZlGvFoV71ThrOp9WDkPSX7osnDYeVILBytQJY-u7E/edit?usp=sharing
This gives the co2eq per kWh as 0.67 kg CO2eq per kWh with 97% of those emissions coming from generation using coal. In comparrison, in the UK the figure is 0.23 kg CO2eq per kWh
